In vivo studies were carried out on hairless rats (males, 8–12 weeks old) obtained from IFFA Credo (France). They offer the advantages of bypassing hepatic “first‐pass” and maintaining a steady drug concentration. For scanning electron microscopy, samples were then dehydrated in graded ethanol, critical point dried by using carbon dioxide, and coated by platinum sputtering (5 mm). Receive exclusive news, resources and special offers from Leica Biosystems. Applications of ultrasonic skin permeation in transdermal drug delivery. Your IP: 172.96.176.8 The ultrasound intensity delivered by the transducer was determined by using an optical interferometric method (Boucaud et al., 1999) developed in our laboratory. Hairless rats were also exposed to a heat source mimicking the temperature versus time profile during sonication. Sonophoresis of proteins such as insulin has been achieved at a therapeutic level in vivo (Tachibana and Tachibana, 1991; Mitragotri et al., 1995). If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. The authors thank Dr. E. Fassio from the Plastic Surgery Department for his help and his availability. An immunocytochemistry study was also performed under optical microscopy to observe the intercellular junctions within the epidermis with an anti–32‐2B monoclonal antibody that recognized desmosomal proteins (Vilela). Low‐frequency ultrasound induces delayed and deep lesions in hairless rat skin at 2.5 W/cm2 which are not only attributable to the increase in temperature at the skin surface during ultrasound exposure. 4) when ultrasound was applied in continuous mode. Mission. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of the thermal effect of ultrasound by applying a heat source to the animal skin in vivo, mimicking the thermal profile during ultrasound exposure. • In the present study, the morphologic changes in human and hairless rat skin (in vitro and in vivo, respectively) induced by an ultrasound device usually used in sonophoresis studies were assessed by both optical and electron microscopy. Learn more. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. Clinical chemistry instruments allow scientists to determine properties in blood, urine, stool, … List of Instruments Used in the Clinical Microscopy together with their function and parts. Exploitation of Acoustic Cavitation‐Induced Microstreaming to Enhance Molecular Transport. For hairless rats, slight and transient erythema was observed after 2.5 W/cm2 exposure, whereas deep lesions (dermal and muscle necrosis) were observed 24 hr later. Urinalysis Many illnesses and disorders affect how your body removes waste and toxins. Animal models for human skin, Effect of low frequency ultrasound on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of clobetasol 17‐propionate, Effect of ultrasound application on skin metabolism of prednisolone 21‐Acetate, Ultrasound‐enhanced polymer degradation and release of incorporated substances, In vitro phonophoresis of digoxin across hairless mice and human skin: thermal effect of ultrasound, Practical sonochemistry: user's guide to applications in chemistry and chemical engineering, Histological fixatives suitable for diagnostic light and electron microscopy, The interaction of ultrasonic heating and cavitation in vascular bioeffects on mouse intestine, A review of in vitro bioeffects of inertial ultrasonic cavitation from a mechanistic perspective, Ultrasound‐mediated transdermal protein delivery, Transdermal drug delivery using low‐frequency sonophoresis, On the mechanisms of in vitro and in vivo phonophoresis, Low‐frequency sonophoresis: pathologic and thermal effects in dogs, Transdermal drug delivery of insulin by ultrasonic vibration, Use of ultrasound to enhance the local anesthetic effect of topically applied aqueous lidocaine, Skin penetration‐enhancing effect of drugs by phonophoresis, Penetration enhancers and their use in transdermal therapeutic systems, Transdermal drug delivery: developmental issues and research initiatives, Ultrasound: biological effects and potential hazards, Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the skin surface after ultrasound exposure. During both in vitro and in vivo experiments, the temperature at the skin surface was monitored before, during, and after ultrasound exposure by placing a temperature probe in the donor compartment. Hall, PhD, DABR Professor of Radiology E-mail: Optical microscopy section of hairless rat skin 24 hr after ultrasound treatment (2.5 W/cm2, continuous mode, 10 min). Optical microscopy section of human skin exposed to 20 kHz ultrasound (7 W/cm2, continuous mode, 10 min). Some articles have reported the presence of crater‐like lesions (Yamashita et al., 1997) or holes (Machet et al., 1996; Hikima et al., 1998) on the hairless mice skin surface after ultrasound exposure to the effect of cavitation phenomena. The use of 5.2 W/cm2 in pulsed mode resulted in epidermal detachment and edema of the upper dermis. Thermal analyses of in vitro low frequency sonophoresis. Sonophoresis experiments generally use excised human skin or isolated epidermis when performed in vitro. At the end of the ultrasound treatment (continuous and pulsed) slight and transient erythema occurred at the sonication site (Fig. The total area of exposed skin samples was 5 cm2. At the end of the heat treatment, animal skin displayed slight erythema similar to that observed at the end of ultrasound exposure.

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