[112], Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master Fra' Matthew Festing[113], Austria – President Heinz Fischer and wife Margit Fischer, Chancellor Werner Faymann and most of the Austrian cabinet and governors, and other representatives of state. His grandson Otto II was the first to take the fortress name as his own, adding "Count of Habsburg" to his title. Dr. von Habsburg’s wife died last year; his eldest son, Karl, runs the family’s affairs and has been the official head of the House of Habsburg since 2007. [101], House of Habsburg (former imperial-royal family of Austria-Hungary) – Karl of Austria, Georg of Austria, Andrea of Austria, Monika of Austria, Michaela of Austria, Gabriela of Austria, Walburga of Austria, Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este, and others[102][103], Princely family of Liechtenstein – Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, Marie, Princess of Liechtenstein[44][106], House of Bernadotte (Swedish royal family) – King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Queen Silvia of Sweden[107], Branches of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, House of Savoy – Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, House of Baden – Maximilian, Margrave of Baden, Valerie, Margravine of Baden (by birth a member of the House of Habsburg), House of Wittelsbach – Prince Leopold of Bavaria, House of Braganza – Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, Solomonic dynasty (former imperial family of Ethiopia) – Le'ul Ras (Prince) Asfa-Wossen Asserate[106], Royal Family of Jordan – Prince Hassan bin Talal, Princess Sarvath El Hassan, House of Petrović-Njegoš – Crown Prince Nicholas II of Montenegro[111], Holy See – Pope Benedict XVI appointed Cardinal Christoph Schönborn as his personal representative to the funeral celebrations. [49], Otto's funeral was organised by his sons, Karl von Habsburg, head of the House of Habsburg, and Georg von Habsburg. At the same time, as he told the Austrian paper Die Presse in 2007, he negotiated Austria’s postwar fate with Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle. [62], A traditional ceremony during the funeral is when the procession of mourners arrives at the gates of the Capuchin Church, under which the Imperial Crypt lies, and the Herald knocks on the door. Only on the third attempt, when the Herald responds with "a sinful, mortal human being", are the gates opened and the dead Habsburg admitted into the Crypt. Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. "[24] Othmar Karas, leader of the European Parliament delegation of the Austrian People's Party, said that "all of Europe is crying. His funeral took place on 16 July 2011 in Vienna and on 17 July in Pannonhalma Archabbey, Hungary. "Otto Habsburg-Lothringen", the name Austrian authorities use when referring to him, was not used. Schwarzenberg also praised Otto's strong anti-Nazi stance, stating that the fact that the annexation of Austria was codenamed "Operation Otto", meant that "the Nazis knew Otto was their main enemy". würdigt Otto von Habsburg", "Otto von Habsburg remembered as great defender of Christian values", "Europas Politiker trauern um Otto von Habsburg", "Hungary Mourns Last Emperor's Son Otto von Habsburg", "Meghalt Habsburg Ottó – részvétet nyilvánított az államfő", "Zmarł syn ostatniego cesarza Austro-Węgier", "Death of former 'kaiser in exile' and last heir to Austro-Hungarian throne", "Schwarzenberg: Otto von Habsburg schätzte Hitler richtig ein", "Foreign Minister Kristovskis sent condolences to Dr. Otto von Habsburg family", "Letter of Condolonces following the death of Dr. Otto von Habsburg", "Letter of Condolonces to the Habsburg court following Otto von Habsburg death", "Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration Gordan Jandroković sent a letter of condolences to the family of the deceased Dr Otto von Habsburg-Lothringen", "Ein aufrechter Demokrat und überzeugter Europäer", "Seehofer würdigt Otto von Habsburg als "Anwalt Europas, "Thirteen days of commemoration for Otto von Habsburg begins", "Ein Abschied für das Volk und die Familie", "Otto Habsburg: Beisetzung am 16. [86][87][88], On Sunday 17 July 2011, Otto's heart was buried in the Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey, following a ceremony with vespers in Latin, and an ecumenical prayer. Multiple requiems were celebrated. Among those attending the requiem and reception were former Austrian Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel, members of the House of Wittelsbach, of the Order of Malta and the Order of the Golden Fleece, and other European royals and leading politicians. ), was the eldest son and heir of Charles (I), the last emperor of the Austro-Hungarian empire, but after many years in exile he eventually acquired joint Austrian-German citizenship and then spent two decades (1979–99) representing Bavaria’s conservative Christian Social Union in the European Parliament. [38] His heart was buried in Pannonhalma Archabbey in Hungary. With his father's ascent to the thrones in 1916, he was himself likely to become the Emperor. [35] In accordance with the Habsburg tradition, his body and heart were buried separately. A 13-day period of mourning started in several countries formerly part of Austria-Hungary on 5 July 2011, when the body of Archduke Otto was laid in repose in the Church of St. Ulrich near his home in Pöcking, Bavaria. [55], Georgia – President Mikheil Saakashvili. The funeral has been described as a major event in Vienna's history; Cardinal Schönborn described it as "a historic moment for Austria", stating that it will be good for the country to "think of this great Habsburger in prayer and gratitude". He has been described as "the last Emperor"[6] or "the last Habsburg". Thousands of people paid their respect, and visitors were able to write into books of condolence. The intervention by the dynasty’s future patriarch has given fresh impetus to a campaign launched by other members of a family whose empire once stretched across much of central and eastern Europe. Munich's senior rabbi, Steven Langnas, recited a Jewish funeral prayer. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. As his father never abdicated, Otto was considered by himself, his family and Austro-Hungarian legitimists to be the rightful Emperor-King. A stateless claimant to the nonexistent Austrian throne, he used his influence in a vain struggle to keep the Nazis from annexing Austria before World War II, then traveled to Washington to warn President Franklin D. Roosevelt about the dangers of Adolf Hitler’s Nazism and Joseph Stalin’s communism. Dr. von Habsburg lived in Washington from early in World War II until after the Allied invasion of France in 1944. etc. Forced to live in exile with his family after 1918, Otto was active on the Austrian and European political stage from the 1930s, as an early proponent of European integration and a fierce opponent of Nazism and communism. He tried to negotiate his return to Austria in 1935 and again in 1938, when he even sought to become chancellor to fight the expected invasion by Hitler’s troops, but could not gather enough support. Schönborn presided over the requiem in Vienna, as Archbishop of Vienna. [21][22] An official government statement said that "his staunch support for the Hungarian cause and for Hungarian people brought him universal recognition and popularity in our country". (STR/AP). [72][73], Vienna, Austria – The main funeral ceremony took place in Vienna. The Capuchin then responds "we don't know him/her." [66][67][68][69][70], Mariazell, Austria – The third requiem was celebrated by Bishop Egon Kapellari in the pilgrimage town of Mariazell on 13 July 2011 at 14:00, with around 1,000 members of the high nobility and leading politicians present. Presented as archival content. He studied in Berlin and in 1935 received a doctorate in political science from the University of Louvain in Belgium. [36][37] Otto was entombed in the Imperial Crypt (Kapuzinergruft) together with his mother, wife and other family members. Many foreign dignitaries—among them reigning or former monarchs King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, King Michael I of Romania, Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria, Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, and Fra' Matthew Festing—attended the Requiem Mass in Vienna's St. Stephen's Cathedral on 16 July, presided over by Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, which was followed by the entombment in the Imperial Crypt. The Crypt was constructed in accordance with the will of Empress Anna. [41][42][43] The funeral procession through Innere Stadt was over one kilometer long. The wedding was attended by his mother, Empress Zita. [56][57] The small Austrian Green Party criticized the government for the extensive state involvement in the funeral, which made it indistinguishable from a state funeral in their opinion. The Habsburg imperial family fled Vienna in 1918, though without officially abdicating the throne. [55] Large parts of central Vienna were closed down for public traffic. It was also Father Gottfried who opened the gates for Empress-Queen Zita in 1989. [58], The funeral was said to have nourished Austria's important tourist industry; according to a study, the imperial Habsburg heritage is the main reason tourists visit the country. [80] Finally Otto's heart was interred in Pannonhalma Archabbey with only the closest family present. The ceremonies led to large parts of central Vienna being closed down for public traffic. Otto von Habsburg was born Nov. 20, 1912, in Reichenau, Austria, into a family that rose to power in Europe at the end of the 13th century and at its height ruled much of the continent. In his statement, Barroso pointed out that Otto had "made a central contribution to the opening of the Iron Curtain and the peaceful reunification of our continent that had been divided for too long". Otto von Habsburg, who witnessed the disintegration of the empire his family ruled for centuries and emerged from its ashes as an early champion of a united and democratic Europe, died July 4 at 98.

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