Finally, clinicians with training as physician-scientists who later focus primarily as caregivers benefit from rigorous research experiences and acquisition of foundational basic science skills. Schultz G, Tedesco MM, Sho E, Nishimura T, Sharif S, Du X, Myles T, Morser J, Dalman RL, Leung LL. View details for DOI 10.1080/08897077.2016.1141153, View details for Web of Science ID 000382769800003. Dr. Keller's work suggests that brain-based biomarkers may be used to predict non-responders to TMS treatment, monitor brain networks during intervention, and be used to propose novel targets and treatment paradigms. Myers JN, White JJ, Narasimhan B, Dalman RL. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.046, View details for Web of Science ID 000301090100052. We conclude by proposing, with cautious optimism, the future incorporation of neuroimaging into clinical practice as a tool to aid in more targeted diagnosis and treatment guided by circuit-level connectivity dysfunction in patients with depression. Geoffrey M. Schultz, MD (Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California)

Support teaching, research, and patient care. Recent work demonstrated that high frequency stimulation applied to the FG distorts the perception of faces in human subjects (Parvizi et al. Hyperglycemia limits experimental aortic aneurysm progression.

The most common route to become a physician-scientist is through research residencies and fellowships following MD/PhD training. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2830-2842, 2017. Hemodynamic regulation of CD34+ cell localization and differentiation in experimental aneurysms. View details for DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4289-13.2014, View details for Web of Science ID 000339153400023. A key step of this algorithm is to decompose the spTMS-EEG data into statistically independent components (ICs), and then train a pattern classifier to automatically identify artifact components based on knowledge of the spatio-temporal profile of both neural and artefactual activities. Units modulated during the discharge exhibited significantly higher baseline firing and bursting rates than unmodulated units. Kerwin, L., Keller, C., Wu, W., Narayan, M., Etkin, A. Test-retest reliability of transcranial magnetic stimulation EEG evoked potentials. We demonstrate high accuracy (72-95%) and discriminability (81-99%) in predicting regions exhibiting changes using individual subjects' prestimulation connectivity profile, and show that adding prestimulation connectivity features significantly improved model performance. 2008;117:1883-9. A mechanistic understanding of the pathology of psychiatric disorders has been hampered by extensive heterogeneity in biology, symptoms, and behavior within diagnostic categories that are defined subjectively. Patients (N = 36) were randomized to receive either active or sham rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) for 20 consecutive weekdays. 2011; 43:993-1003. We first introduce effective connectivity and discuss the mechanisms underlying CCEP generation. Stanford University School of Medicine's Physician-Scientist Training Program (PSTP) serves as an umbrella program designed to integrate and maximize career development of physician-scientists across the career continuum.

However, higher-level network topology analysis revealed differences between electrical stimulation and ECoG that were partially related to the reciprocity of connections. Here, we performed a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial and measured electrophysiological, neuroimaging, and clinical changes before and after rTMS. The TRAM program focuses on removing barriers and communication gaps between scientists and clinicians. His condition persisted despite treatment with risperidone 4 mg twice a day (BID), but improved dramatically on day 8 of hospitalization with the return of baseline mental function.

Vascul Pharmacol. Spin JM, Hsu M, Azuma J, Tedesco MM, Deng A, Dyer JS, Maegdefessel L, Dalman RL, Tsao PS. Les AS, Shadden SC, Figueroa CA, Park JM, Tedesco MM, Herfkens RJ, Dalman RL, Taylor CA. Mol Imaging Biol. J Vasc Surg. Although applying global signal regression to BOLD signals results in some BOLD anticorrelations that are not apparent in the ECoG data, it enhances the neuronal-hemodynamic correspondence overall. Finally, we present a novel approach to perturbing and measuring brain network function during cognitive processing. However, our understanding of the mechanism by which TMS exerts its antidepressant effect is minimal. Hemodynamic forces regulate mural macrophage infiltration in experimental aortic aneurysms. The Stanford Diabetes Research Center is committed to providing support for the most innovative and unique research proposals related to diabetes in all disciplines.

Physiol Genomics. Thus, even under ideal conditions for the MUA to reliably predict the moment-to-moment activity of specific local neuronal ensembles, knowledge of the spike waveform of the underlying neuronal populations is necessary, but not sufficient. The cerebral cortex is composed of subregions whose functional specialization is largely determined by their incoming and outgoing connections with each other. His condition gradually improved over the course of treatment with Divalproex and quetiapine with discussions about the rationale for his belief. Quantifying in vivo hemodynamic response to exercise in patients with intermittent claudication and abdominal aortic aneurysms using cine phase-contrast MRI. J Vasc Surg.

Keller, C. J., Bickel, S., Honey, C. J., Groppe, D. M., Entz, L., Craddock, R. C., Lado, F. A., Kelly, C., Milham, M., Mehta, A. D. Intrinsic functional architecture predicts electrically evoked responses in the human brain. The specific focus is on the characterization of serial versus parallel processing dependencies in the dominant hemisphere dorsal and ventral speech processing streams. These networks of directed interaction were reproducible across strength thresholds and across subjects. View details for DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01351. In addition to its widespread clinical use, the intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) is increasingly being employed as a tool to map the neural correlates of normal cognitive function as well as for developing neuroprosthetics. In this work, we apply Granger causality analysis to high spatiotemporal resolution intracranial EEG (iEEG) data to examine how different components of the left perisylvian language network interact during spoken language perception. Stanford University is one of the 10 institutions. In the first section of this review, we discuss dysfunctional connectivity in affective salience, cognitive control, and default mode networks observed in MDD in association with characteristic symptoms of the disorder.

Kerwin, L. J., Keller, C., Wu, W., Narayan, M., Etkin, A. Cotard Delusion in the Context of Schizophrenia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Importantly, RT was altered only when ES was applied 100ms after visual onset and in face-selective but not place-selective sites.

Support Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and child and maternal health, Designed for Residents, Fellows, and Medical Students Pursuing Careers as Physician-Scientists. By increasing our understanding of the underlying mechanism and monitoring of brain changes during TMS, we will markedly increase the utility of these powerful techniques. It is reasonable to expect that we can improve the efficacy of TMS. Analysis of in situ and ex vivo vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression during experimental aortic aneurysm progression.
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These measures of network functioning both predicted and tracked clinical outcome, potentially opening the door to treatment optimization. We found that a subgroup of patients with PTSD from two independent cohorts displayed both aberrant functional connectivity within the ventral attention network (VAN) as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neuroimaging and impaired verbal memory on a word list learning task. We inferred plasticity in the human brain after applying electrical stimulation to the brain's surface and measuring changes in excitability. We studied 336 single units in 20 patients.

2009;29:H1329-35. Reliability of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation EEG Evoked Potentials. Thus, measuring neural activity during stimulation can inform future plasticity-inducing protocols.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain stimulation tools have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Adaptive brain function is characterized by dynamic interactions within and between neuronal circuits, often occurring at the time scale of milliseconds. Given the recent legalization of marijuana, these questions merit timely exploration. RGD targeting of human ferritin iron-oxide nanoparticles enhances in vivo molecular MRI of experimental aortic aneurysms. MicroRNA-21 Blocks Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development and Nicotine-Augmented Expansion.

An umbrella PSTP through Stanford Medicine has been created to develop cross-disciplinary career development opportunities, including a full day PSTP Symposium that is open to all research residents and fellows, MSTP and Berg Scholars students, and junior faculty. Flow loading induces macrophage antioxidative gene expression in experimental aneurysms. Validation tests with relatively well-understood manipulations (EKG, breath-holding, cortical electrical stimulation) demonstrate the expected responses. Inhibition of microRNA-29b reduces murine abdominal aortic aneurysm development. Research opportunity. The cerebral cortex forms a sheet of neurons organized into a network of interconnected modules that is highly expanded in humans and presumably enables our most refined sensory and cognitive abilities.

2010;148:429-35. 1201 Welch road, Stanford, CA94305-5102 The most consistent connections were seen as outgoing from motor cortex, BA6-BA9, somatosensory (SS) cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and Broca's area. Groppe, D. M., Bickel, S., Keller, C. J., Jain, S. K., Hwang, S. T., Harden, C., Mehta, A. D. Individualized localization and cortical surface-based registration of intracranial electrodes. 2010;31:425-9. Our results reveal a neuronal substrate for the establishment of perceptual distance among faces in the human brain.

Alicia Hamar (Undergraduate Student, Stanford University) Such signals would allow for treatment stratification and optimization.

Using two measures of network connectivity, cortico-cortical evoked potentials (indexing effective connectivity) and theta coherence (indexing functional connectivity), we found a stronger response to stimulation in regions that were highly connected to the stimulation site. Davidesco, I., Zion-Golumbic, E., Bickel, S., Harel, M., Groppe, D. M., Keller, C. J., Schevon, C. A., McKhann, G. M., Goodman, R. R., Goelman, G., Schroeder, C. E., Mehta, A. D., Malach, R. Dominant frequencies of resting human brain activity as measured by the electrocorticogram. 2004;76:108-16. To provide the experimental data for initiating new clinical trial for pharmacological treatment of AAA, we also conduct preclinical studies to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of existing anti-inflammatory drugs and novel compounds in preventing or limiting the progression of AAA disease in the two AAA models. Previously we demonstrated that direct electrical stimulation produces predictable post-stimulation changes in brain excitability. Mapping was performed by stimulating adjacent electrode pairs and recording CCEPs from the remainder of the electrode array. Learn how we are healing patients through science & compassion, Stanford team stimulates neurons to induce particular perceptions in mice's minds, Students from far and near begin medical studies at Stanford.

"United States Patent 41243-520P02US, Patent Pending Artifact Rejection for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Electroencephalogram Data. Noriyuki Miyama, MD/PhD (Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan) ", Department: Psych/Public Mental Health & Population Sciences. Comparison of the laminar CSD/MUA profile with the origins and terminations of cortical circuits allows activity in specific neuronal circuits to be inferred and then directly compared to hemodynamics. Only 48% of the recorded units showed such a modulation in firing rate within 500 ms of the discharge. Ann N Y Acad Sci.

Finally, clinicians with training as physician-scientists who later focus primarily as caregivers benefit from rigorous research experiences and acquisition of foundational basic science skills. Schultz G, Tedesco MM, Sho E, Nishimura T, Sharif S, Du X, Myles T, Morser J, Dalman RL, Leung LL. View details for DOI 10.1080/08897077.2016.1141153, View details for Web of Science ID 000382769800003. Dr. Keller's work suggests that brain-based biomarkers may be used to predict non-responders to TMS treatment, monitor brain networks during intervention, and be used to propose novel targets and treatment paradigms. Myers JN, White JJ, Narasimhan B, Dalman RL. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.046, View details for Web of Science ID 000301090100052. We conclude by proposing, with cautious optimism, the future incorporation of neuroimaging into clinical practice as a tool to aid in more targeted diagnosis and treatment guided by circuit-level connectivity dysfunction in patients with depression. Geoffrey M. Schultz, MD (Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California)

Support teaching, research, and patient care. Recent work demonstrated that high frequency stimulation applied to the FG distorts the perception of faces in human subjects (Parvizi et al. Hyperglycemia limits experimental aortic aneurysm progression.

The most common route to become a physician-scientist is through research residencies and fellowships following MD/PhD training. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2830-2842, 2017. Hemodynamic regulation of CD34+ cell localization and differentiation in experimental aneurysms. View details for DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4289-13.2014, View details for Web of Science ID 000339153400023. A key step of this algorithm is to decompose the spTMS-EEG data into statistically independent components (ICs), and then train a pattern classifier to automatically identify artifact components based on knowledge of the spatio-temporal profile of both neural and artefactual activities. Units modulated during the discharge exhibited significantly higher baseline firing and bursting rates than unmodulated units. Kerwin, L., Keller, C., Wu, W., Narayan, M., Etkin, A. Test-retest reliability of transcranial magnetic stimulation EEG evoked potentials. We demonstrate high accuracy (72-95%) and discriminability (81-99%) in predicting regions exhibiting changes using individual subjects' prestimulation connectivity profile, and show that adding prestimulation connectivity features significantly improved model performance. 2008;117:1883-9. A mechanistic understanding of the pathology of psychiatric disorders has been hampered by extensive heterogeneity in biology, symptoms, and behavior within diagnostic categories that are defined subjectively. Patients (N = 36) were randomized to receive either active or sham rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) for 20 consecutive weekdays. 2011; 43:993-1003. We first introduce effective connectivity and discuss the mechanisms underlying CCEP generation. Stanford University School of Medicine's Physician-Scientist Training Program (PSTP) serves as an umbrella program designed to integrate and maximize career development of physician-scientists across the career continuum.

However, higher-level network topology analysis revealed differences between electrical stimulation and ECoG that were partially related to the reciprocity of connections. Here, we performed a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial and measured electrophysiological, neuroimaging, and clinical changes before and after rTMS. The TRAM program focuses on removing barriers and communication gaps between scientists and clinicians. His condition persisted despite treatment with risperidone 4 mg twice a day (BID), but improved dramatically on day 8 of hospitalization with the return of baseline mental function.

Vascul Pharmacol. Spin JM, Hsu M, Azuma J, Tedesco MM, Deng A, Dyer JS, Maegdefessel L, Dalman RL, Tsao PS. Les AS, Shadden SC, Figueroa CA, Park JM, Tedesco MM, Herfkens RJ, Dalman RL, Taylor CA. Mol Imaging Biol. J Vasc Surg. Although applying global signal regression to BOLD signals results in some BOLD anticorrelations that are not apparent in the ECoG data, it enhances the neuronal-hemodynamic correspondence overall. Finally, we present a novel approach to perturbing and measuring brain network function during cognitive processing. However, our understanding of the mechanism by which TMS exerts its antidepressant effect is minimal. Hemodynamic forces regulate mural macrophage infiltration in experimental aortic aneurysms. The Stanford Diabetes Research Center is committed to providing support for the most innovative and unique research proposals related to diabetes in all disciplines.

Physiol Genomics. Thus, even under ideal conditions for the MUA to reliably predict the moment-to-moment activity of specific local neuronal ensembles, knowledge of the spike waveform of the underlying neuronal populations is necessary, but not sufficient. The cerebral cortex is composed of subregions whose functional specialization is largely determined by their incoming and outgoing connections with each other. His condition gradually improved over the course of treatment with Divalproex and quetiapine with discussions about the rationale for his belief. Quantifying in vivo hemodynamic response to exercise in patients with intermittent claudication and abdominal aortic aneurysms using cine phase-contrast MRI. J Vasc Surg.

Keller, C. J., Bickel, S., Honey, C. J., Groppe, D. M., Entz, L., Craddock, R. C., Lado, F. A., Kelly, C., Milham, M., Mehta, A. D. Intrinsic functional architecture predicts electrically evoked responses in the human brain. The specific focus is on the characterization of serial versus parallel processing dependencies in the dominant hemisphere dorsal and ventral speech processing streams. These networks of directed interaction were reproducible across strength thresholds and across subjects. View details for DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01351. In addition to its widespread clinical use, the intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) is increasingly being employed as a tool to map the neural correlates of normal cognitive function as well as for developing neuroprosthetics. In this work, we apply Granger causality analysis to high spatiotemporal resolution intracranial EEG (iEEG) data to examine how different components of the left perisylvian language network interact during spoken language perception. Stanford University is one of the 10 institutions. In the first section of this review, we discuss dysfunctional connectivity in affective salience, cognitive control, and default mode networks observed in MDD in association with characteristic symptoms of the disorder.

Kerwin, L. J., Keller, C., Wu, W., Narayan, M., Etkin, A. Cotard Delusion in the Context of Schizophrenia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Importantly, RT was altered only when ES was applied 100ms after visual onset and in face-selective but not place-selective sites.

Support Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and child and maternal health, Designed for Residents, Fellows, and Medical Students Pursuing Careers as Physician-Scientists. By increasing our understanding of the underlying mechanism and monitoring of brain changes during TMS, we will markedly increase the utility of these powerful techniques. It is reasonable to expect that we can improve the efficacy of TMS. Analysis of in situ and ex vivo vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression during experimental aortic aneurysm progression.

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